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The Sex Lives of Christmas Trees | Deep Look

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The humble pine cone is more than a holiday decoration. It’s an ancient form of tree sex. Flowers may be faster and showier, but the largest living things in the world? The oldest? They all reproduce with cones.

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Do pine cones have seeds?

“There are two different types of cones,” says Bruce Baldwin, professor of plant biology at University of California, Berkeley. “There’s seed cones and pollen cones. The pollen cones are relatively tiny. The seed cone gets to be much larger and takes three years to develop and release seeds so you can often see pine cones of three different stages of development on a single tree.”

Why do pine cones open and close?

Early in their development, the scales open slightly for a short time to grant access to wind-borne pollen released from smaller pollen cones. After receiving the pollen, the female cones close back up until the seeds are fertilized and mature. Once they are, the scales reopen allowing the wind to disperse the winged seeds.

What are the oldest living trees?

Conifers are some of the oldest plants in the forest. And they were once much more diverse than they are today. But since the evolution of flowering plants, their diversity has plummeted. Today only about 0.3 percent of all the species of seed plants have cones. Flowering plants have taken over most of the warmer, wetter habitats, pushing out the evergreen conifers.

What are the tallest living trees?
The tallest (coast redwood), most massive (giant sequoia) and oldest living (bristlecone pine) individual organisms is the world are all conifers.

More great Deep Look episodes:

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See also another great video from the PBS Digital Studios!

It’s Okay to Be Smart:

BrainCraft:

Read an extended article on pine cones:

If you’re in the San Francisco Bay Area, You can check out the conifer collections at the University of California, Berkeley Jepson Herbarium:

Or take a stroll through Tilden Regional Parks Botanic Garden to see a variety of California conifers:

KQED Science:
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Funding for Deep Look is provided in part by PBS Digital Studios and the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation. Deep Look is a project of KQED Science, which is supported by HopeLab, The David B. Gold Foundation; S. D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation; The Dirk and Charlene Kabcenell Foundation; The Vadasz Family Foundation; Smart Family Foundation and the members of KQED.
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41 thoughts on “The Sex Lives of Christmas Trees | Deep Look”

  1. flashes back to my childhood when I used to crush pinecones under my feet, blissfully unaware that they were alive 😳

    I'm so sorry.

    Reply

  14. I work with spiders and sometimes lack a little inspiration to keep going hahaha can u make more spider videos please? (If about Mygalomorphae would be awesome) love the Chanel <3

    Reply

  23. I always thought pine trees were just found more commonly north up because that was their climate, the more you know.

    Reply

  25. The unraveling crowns have two spirals often in Fibonacci sequence. At the early stage the tree grows at near perfect geometry. Where the spirals intersect an event occurs, a pine needle grows.

    Reply

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